Behavioral Indicators Of Sexual Abuse Essay - 1772 Words

Behavioral indicators of sexual abuse include: ï€ ¾ Inappropriate relationship between victim and suspected abuser ï€ ¾ Avoidance of a caretaker or other member of community ï€ ¾ Inappropriate, unusual, or aggressive sexual behavior ï€ ¾ Avoiding activities that you usually help with, like changing clothes or bathing Financial Exploitation/Abuse Financial abuse references the exploitation of an elderly person’s assets, income, or other resources. This is a very common form of elderly abuse, since the elderly may be wealthy from a lifetime of saving, vulnerable from diminishing mental capacity, and/or trusting because of their reliance on others. The following are some of the more common types of financial abuse (cons, scams, and fraud are covered separately, in the next section). Financial abuse of the elderly comes in many, many forms. It may include: ï€ ¾ Directly taking money or property by stealing from their purse, wallet, or home ï€ ¾ The abuser writing a check themselves ï€ ¾ Withdrawing funds from an ATM or bank account ï€ ¾ Cashing checks and then keeping a portion or all of the funds ï€ ¾ Forging the elderly person’s signature for financial gain ï€ ¾ Stealing their identity to take out credit cards or other debt ï€ ¾ Getting an older person to change their will, or turn over power of attorney through deception or coercion ï€ ¾ Having an elderly person sign over property for exploitative purposes ï€ ¾ Using the their property without permission, like renting out their second home ï€ ¾ Taking paymentShow MoreRelatedSexual Exploitation And Assault Of A Minor892 Words   |  4 PagesThe sexual exploitation or assault of a minor is the definition of childhood sexual abuse (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr Blosser, 2013). 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The victims that are affected by physical abuse are not classified by any type ofRead MoreDifferent Types Of Abuses During The United States1736 Words   |  7 PagesDifferent Types of Abuses The advances in medicine have greatly benefitted the world at large. This can be seen largely in both the mortality and longevity rate which have dramatically increased as a result of medical advances. No other demographics have profited from these medical breakthrough than the senior citizen or the elderly particularly in the United States. The National Center on Elder Abuse which is a part of the Department of Health and Human Services notes by 2050, people of the agesRead MorePhysical Indicators Of Sexual Abuse1235 Words   |  5 Pagesbe coerced into lying to protect the abuser. (Indicators of Abuse) Physical Indicators of sexual abuse can be harder to see than those of physical abuse this is because most often, if there are any physical signs they are hidden. Physical signs can include the child having difficulty walking or sitting, if a child looks like he or she is in pain while doing either activity ask questions. Torn, stained or bloody underwear is also a sign of sexual abuse, this sign is hard to go off of because onlyRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1710 Words   |  7 Pageschild maltreatment. There are four general categories of child maltreatment now recognized. They are physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional maltreatment. Each category, in turn, covers a range of behavior. The maltreatment of children not only affects the children themselves, but also affects the family by making it dysfunctional. Physical Abuse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical abuse may be best defined as any non-accidental physical injury by a person who has care, custody, or control of a childRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Domestic Abuse1340 Words   |  6 Pages1301 Lacina-Taylor 2 December 2014 Stop The Abuse Underreported and underestimated, domestic abuse rips families apart every single day. Domestic violence comes in mainly five different forms, physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, and economic. This violence ruins families, demoralizes the victims, and the public downplays the household terrorism that goes on every day. Generally thought of as taboo, the public belittles and humorizes domestic abuse as a way to deal with it, that avoidance mustRead MoreEssay on Domestic Violence Informative Outline1358 Words   |  6 Pagesexactly what domestic violence is, some predictors of domestic violence, and what can be done to eradicate it. BODY: MAIN POINT 1: Lets explore what exactly domestic violence is.  · Domesticviolence.org Defines Domestic Violence and emotional abuse as behaviors used by one person in a relationship to control, gain or maintain power over the other. Partners may be married or not married; heterosexual, gay, or lesbian; living together, separated or dating. -- As defined by the Collins EnglishRead MoreNVQ Level 3 - princples of safeguarding and protection in health and social care1451 Words   |  5 Pagescare. 1.1 Physical abuse is when someone hits you or hurts your body. Sexual abuse is when someone touches your body in a way you do not like, sexual abuse can also be when someone wants you to touch them or to wanting you to have sex with them when you don’t want to. Emotional abuse is when someone keeps saying hurtful things that upset you. Financial abuse is when someone takes your money or belongings from you without your permission, someone who is committing financial abuse may also force youRead MoreSexual Elderly Abuse And Mistreatment1412 Words   |  6 Pages Sexual Elderly Abuse Mistreatment When I first started the research on sexual elderly abuse I know that it happens but didn’t know the extent of the finding until now how much emotional, physical, sexual, and financial mistreatment and potential neglect that our elderly endure. Elder sexual abuse is understudied and rarely understood. It is difficult to seek justice for elderly sexual abuse because the victims are over the age of 60 and frequently have medical conditions such as loss of memoryRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children895 Words   |  4 PagesAbuse is an issue that has been and is still currently prevalent in our society today. Abuse is defined as, â€Å"the use of force in order to try to dominate a child, to compel him/her to do dangerous things that he/she does not want to do, expose him/her to hazardous situations perceive by him/her as dangerous† (Rus Galabeaza, 2013). Child abuse in particular, is a common issue that occurs in families of all backgrounds. There are several types of abuse, which include: physical, emotional, and sexual

Special Education Free Essays

Special Education Free Essays From the first day a child is born, parents are there to nurture their child, to support them as they grow and develop. There is a lot to learn about raising a child under normal circumstances, but when a child has special needs parents must learn this whole new language of medical and special education terms (Overton, 2005). Parents enter this new world where navigating for the best interest of their child is riddled with challenges and obstacles that they need to somehow overcome. We will write a custom essay sample on Special Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is especially true when parents are dealing with the special education program in their child’s school. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires parental involvement in the education of children with disabilities (Smith, Hilton, Murdick, ump; Gartin, 2005). The IDEA also guarantees civil rights to children with disabilities and encourages parents to act as an advocate for their child. This seems like it would encourage school professionals and parents to work close together in obtaining the best services needed for the child. Unfortunately it often leads to a struggle in balanc†¦ http://www. 123helpme. com/family-collaboration-in-special-education-preview. asp? d=206428 One of the most controversial issues facing educators today is the topic of educating students with disabilities, specifically through the concept of inclusion. Inclusion is defined as having every student be a part of the classroom all working together no matter if the child has a learning disability or not (Farmer) (Inclusion: Where We’ve Been.. , 2005, para. 5). The mentally retarde d population has both a low IQ and the inability to perform everyday functions. Activities such as eating, dressing, walking, and in some cases, talking can be hopeless to a child with mental retardation. Schooling for the disabled requires a special environment—one that only a few teachers have the gift to care for. Instead of looking out for the child’s needs, the government is focused on passing test grades and social skills. Mentally retarded children require a highly trained special education teacher, patience for behavioral issues, and are also required to pass standardized tests; public education for these students move at a faster pace than they can comprehend and lack the personal focus that †¦ http://www. 123helpme. com/special-needs-education-preview. asp? d=206359 Special education essays have become common in recent years because of the need to address this issue in modern days. As a result, students especially those studying special education are oftentimes required to write special education essays by their tutors. As a result, it is essential for students to develop competitive writing skills. When asked to write a special education essay, students n eed to have factual information in order to have a coherent flow of information. This flow is crucial in helping the reader to understand the essay with a lot of ease. Above all, it is necessary to define special education, the people who need it, and why they need it. Special Education Education is very important in any society. For this reason, some people have gone ahead to describe education as the source of knowledge. In other worlds, one cannot be knowledgeable when he or she does not have education. Importantly, various groups require different forms of education. For instance, the society is made up of people with various needs, like the sick, elderly, children or even disabled ones. In this regard, special education essays must address the fact that special education is designed for students with special needs in the society. In most cases, this education is tailored in manner that addresses the needs of the students. In order to achieve this, teachers are tasked with drafting of teaching procedures and equipment to enhance the learning process. Together with accessible settings, these conditions are necessary to enhance the learning process and ensure that students with special needs are not denied chance gain knowledge and sharpen their skills. In other words, special education eliminates barriers, which exist when a student with special needs is admitted and exposed to a normal classroom setting without any special consideration. What are these special needs, which qualify a student to be considered for special education? Firstly, students with challenges in learning have to be considered. In a normal class, there could students who find it hard to learn because of some reasons. Such students need specialized attention so that they are not disadvantaged in the learning process. When writing special education essays, it is also important to address the issue of communication challenges. These challenges occurs because of poor proficiency in the language being used, thus causing a communication barrier. The commonest factor is physical disabilities. Students with disabilities require specialized education for them to gain knowledge and become productive in the society. These disabilities may include hearing and sight problems. They may also have deformed limbs, as a result of natural birth or accidents. Additionally, students with emotional, behavioral, and developmental disorders require special education. Are you looking for competitive essay writing help? Are you in need of essay writers online? Do you want to buy research papers? We have excellent homework help to meet your needs. Our custom essays focus on your instructions. We provide you with high quality online homework help and best essay writing service to guarantee you A+ grades. http://www. stellacostello. net/special-education-essay/ One of the largest controversies faced by schools today is the mandated implementation of inclusion of students with special needs into general education classrooms. Many administrators, teachers, and parents question the possible academic effects of students with special needs being placed into general education classrooms and being held accountable for the material taught. _______ Rather than segregating students based on their differences, inclusion recognizes that all students are learners who benefit from a meaningful, challenging, and appropriate curriculum delivered within the general education classroom, as well as from differentiated instruction techniques that address each students’ unique strengths and challenges. Inclusion seeks to provide all students with fairness rather than sameness by establishing supportive, and nurturing communities that are based on giving all students the services and accommodations they need to succeed, as well as respecting and learning from each other’s individual differences (CITE TEXT). While inclusion has focused on individuals with disabilities, it is designed to the educational system so that it is more able to accommodate and respond to the diverse strengths, challenges, and experiences of all students. Inclusion programs also provide all students with access to a challenging, engaging, and flexible curriculum that helps them be successful in society. To achieve this, educators establish individualized expectations for all students that are based on the general education curriculum, and offer differentiated teaching practices to accommodate students’ individual differences and to help all students succeed. Inclusion of special education students into general classrooms is How to cite Special Education, Papers Special Education Free Essays Early childhood education is traditionally defined as any education-taking place before the primary grades of first through third grades in elementary school. It encompasses all education from birth to first grade, but usually the term is used to refer to the more formalized nursery or preschool environments and kindergartens. These classroom environments have different emphases from developmental to academic. We will write a custom essay sample on Special Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most appropriate type of educational structure for children this age focuses on their individual level of development and their individual interests; therefore, most academic classrooms are inappropriate because of their emphasis on seatwork and teacher directed learning. The best available curriculum for teachers of this age group is found in a book called The Creative Curriculum for Early Childhood, by Diane Trister Dodge and Laura J. Colker. The Creative Curriculum is a comprehensive, child development-based curriculum that allows teachers to set-up an effective learning environment for preschool and kindergarten classrooms.It is based on child development theories, it is easy to use, practical and flexible in its approach to teaching, and allows each child to proceed on the path of learning at the child’s own pace. Jean Piaget was a pioneer in the field of early childhood education. The legacy of Jean Piaget to the world of early childhood education is that he fundamentally altered the view of how a child learns. In addition, a teacher, he believed, was more than a transmitter of knowledge she was also an essential observer and guide to helping children build their own knowledge.As a university graduate, Swiss-born Piaget got a routine job in Paris standardizing Binet-Simon IQ tests, where the emphasis was on children getting the right answers. Piaget observed that many children of the same ages gave the same ki nds of incorrect answers. What could be learned from this? Piaget interviewed many hundreds of children and concluded that children who are allowed to make mistakes often go on to discover their errors and correct them, or fined new solutions. In this process, children build their own way of learning.From children’s errors, teachers can obtain insights into the child’s view of the world and can tell where guidance is needed. They can provide appropriate materials, ask encouraging questions, and allow the child to construct his own knowledge. Piaget’s continued interactions with young children became part of his life-long research. After reading about a child who thought that the sun and moon followed him wherever he went, Piaget wanted to find out if all young children had a similar belief. He found that many did indeed believe this. Piaget went on to explore children’s countless â€Å"why† questions, such as, â€Å"Why is the sun round? , or â€Å"Why is grass green? † He concluded that children do not think like adults. Their thought processes have their own distinct order and special logic. Children are not â€Å"empty vessels to be filled with knowledge† (as traditional pedagogical theory had it). They are â€Å"active builders of knowledge-little scientists who construct their own theories of the world. An old Chinese proverb states: Tell me and I forget. Show me and I remember. Involve me and I understand. In three short statements, this proverb represents my outlook on education. Over-all my philosophy could be ? escribed as eclectic; nonetheless, the main emphasis I plan to make stems from progressivism. I also plan to incorporate behaviorism into my teachings and I will maintain an open mind throughout my teaching career in order to adapt to the needs of my pupils. Furthermore, my classroom philosophy also contains elements from behaviorism. I believe rewarding and positive reinforcement is the best way to get the results one desires from his/her students. Having an idea of the philosophies I will use is great for now, but I plan to be flexible in my teaching style.My job is relay information that I have obtained and allow my pupils to acquire the skills necessary to be successful in life. To do so, I need to be able to change my style of teaching from class to class or in some cases from student to student in order to cater to each individual. Through experience, I have found that not all students learn the same way and that the progressivism or behaviorism approach may not always work. As a teacher, I can only teach what I know, so to increase my effectiveness as a teacher it seems necessary to further my education.Shortly after graduation, I plan to get my masters degree in the Special Education field. Even though I believe that participation and positive reinforcement are the best ways for a student to learn necessary skills, it is also best to keep an open mind. Through my own experiences, I have learned that not all students learn this way and it is my duty as a teacher to adjust my style to fit their needs. As a teacher, it is also my responsibility to further my education in order to teach my pupils and help them reach their fullest potential How to cite Special Education, Papers

Labour Migration in UAE

Question: Write an essay onLabour Migration in UAE. Answer: 1. Introduction 1.1. Background of the study Labour migration has been the most common and considerable phenomenon in the United Arab Emirates. It has been perceived that most of the GCC countries depend widely on the foreign workers as they believe that the latter have got the skills and talents to ensure their economic stability and success (Cohen, 2006). Over the past four decades it has been overviewed that UAE has undergone severe transformation it is small scale businesses that are mainly oriented with the pearling and fishing sectors with a considerable increase in the countrys GDP level. But there are certain challenges faced by the country with the migration of the labours from other parts of the world. Aim of the research The principle aim of the paper is to identify and assess the effectiveness of the UAE economy due to the migration of the labour from the other parts of the world. Moreover the paper will also highlight the different challenges faced by the country for bringing labours from other countries. Objectives To find out how the UAE will provide adequate facilities and good working condition to the labours arriving from foreign countries To analyse the challenges and reasons associated with the migration of labour in UAE Research questions What are the reasons behind UAE economy bringing labours from other countries? What are the challenges faced by the UAE economy due to labour migration? How can they develop laws for encouraging labour migration in the country? Research hypothesis H0: Labour migration has helped the UAE economy a lot to flourish and prosper all over the world. H1: Labour migration did not help the UAE economy to flourish and prosper all over the world. Summary of the paper Wide discussion will be made throughout the study focusing upon the reasons behind labour migration in UAE and the challenges associated with it. The entire Literature Review In the UAE the high standard of living and economic prosperity and growth and high level of infrastructure is mostly supported by the migrant workers from the different countries the population of the migrant workers is huge in terms of the original population of the country which is 9.2 million among which 7.8 million is migrant population (Buckley, 2005). Thus it can be said that the different parts of the population and the working class is supported by foreign populace which consists of low skills workers and high skills workers in different sectors. Low skilled workers are invited from the different countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan and India who participate in the low skill labour industry and there are also lucrative offers from the education, construction, oil and gas for skilled labour which in many cases is intellectual. The main challenge for the country in question is to provide suitable working conditions for the labour that arrive from other countries (Cohen, 2006). According to Labour market trends analysis and labour migration from South Asia to Gulf Cooperation Council countries, India and Malaysia (2015) in 1971 there was a system coined as the Kafala sponsorship system which allowed the different private companies in the UAE to hire foreign workers in their workforce without trouble. But the challenge was to provide the safe working environment as the different abuse like the confiscation of the passport and other physical abuse in the case of domestic workers were common in the cases. So there was much protest and hedging by the government which in some cases faced opposition from the citizens as the citizens of the country were not given any advantage in the industry. But the challenge has been addressed by the government in recent years and the different practices that were used to dominate and abuse foreign workers were outlawed in recent years and the different parts of the workforce were given some specific advantages that ensured their working environment was safe (Derudder, 2012). Up to this day the majority of the immigrant labours are male and they are employed in the low skills labour sector but in the last few decades the emergence of women in the country as foreign workers has been significant. This growth has been result of the readdressing of the different problems of the system that were previously absent to stop the migrant labour from being abused. The female labours are usually employed in the retail and domestic sector (Kaye, 2001). Another problem faced by the immigrant labour is the high number of disputes and complaints made by the foreign labour and the employers both so the need for mediation and the laws regarding the contracts and conditions the workers have been put to work in has to be restricted and modified. Thus the immigrant population and their complaints can be reduced by strict monitoring of the situation and legal intervention where necessary (Murawski, 2012). The different parts of the labour population and their needs to be addressed by the country correctly as a huge part of the population of the country UAE is made up of immigrants and lifestyle and progress of the country is based on the work done by the migrant labour so it is clear that the country is in need of the labour and this can be only satisfied is a mutually satisfactory situation can be achieved (Nicolopoulou, 2011). Research Methodology Introduction This is a most effective part of the research project through which the researchers embrace their learning in formulating a broad concept about the various challenges that are faced by UAE in order to bring a huge number of labours from the other countries (Lian, Rahman and Alas, 2011). The researchers will analyse the entire topic and incorporate some research designs and philosophies so as to evaluate the exact outcomes of the research in an effective way. Research philosophy It is an approach to explore or excavate the various unknown and unidentified facts related to the topic of research. In this research, the researchers has adopted the positivism and realism philosophies for assessing the real and positive data and information regarding the various reasons for which UAE has encouraged labour migration in the country and what all challenges they faced in doing so (Kaye, 2001). Also the challenges and their impact on the UAE economy have also been evaluated by these approaches. Research design For this research study, the researchers have chosen the descriptive research design by which they can deliver fruitful outcomes regarding the investigation of the issues that UAE has faced due to encouraging labour migration. The reasons behind UAE relying on the foreign workers from specially India, Bangladesh and Pakistan have also been broadly refurbished by the researchers through such selected design (Mahmud, 2015). Data collection approach Qualitative data has been taken by the researchers for emanating the main purpose of the study topic. Data have been collected by referring to different secondary sources such as academic books, journals, websites, etc. for gathering enough knowledge about the topic. Sampling techniques Sampling techniques help the researchers to choose the medium through which the researchers segment the information sources and accumulate adequate information regarding the research topic. Convenient sampling has been chosen by the researchers for this study through which they could select or choose certain relevant books, journals or articles and drew an effective conclusion for the research (Mizanur Rahman, 2012). Research ethics It is required to maintain the ethical considerations by the researchers during the execution of the entire research. Proper steps must be followed by them for carrying out the research procedure thoroughly and effectively. Careful analysis must be done for deriving appropriate conclusions to the research. Summary of the research The entire chapter outlined the stages and processes through which the researchers have undertaken this particular research. A broad narrative has been made regarding the methods and designs that the researchers chose for conducting this particular research. Data Analysis and Discussion According to the literature reviewed by the researcher it is clear that the country UAE needs its migrant workforce and the needs is mutual as the jobs offered by the country are attractive and work as a lure to the working class people from the poor countries of Africa, northern America and Asia. The work done by the migrant workforce varies from low skill service sector jobs to high skill jobs in the oil and gas and finance and education sector. Thus the country is highly dependent on the different sectors where the primary workforce comes from foreign countries (Travel smart - work smart, 2015). So this dependency makes the country and the employment system of the country to care for the wellbeing of the foreign workers that is part of the policy changes that have been made in the recent past. So the different attitudes towards the foreign workers and the exploitation of the workers have to stop completely if the country wants to retain the lure of prosperity and keep attracting w orkers from different countries. Thus the emphasis falls on the adjusting the foreign worker policy of the country according to the changing times and changing needs of the foreign workforce to create a stable and mutually beneficial and satisfactory relationship. Conclusion and Recommendations Introduction The overall study has shed light upon the various issues and challenges faced by UAE in order to encourage labour migration from other countries. It has been perceived that the country has hired employees from basically India, Bangladesh and Pakistan with better wage rate facility which attracted the labours to come and work there (Rahman, 2011). Kafala sponsorship has been hosted in the country for hiring labours. For identifying the reasons behind the migration and assessing the challenges, the researchers have opted for certain methods, approaches and philosophies and referred to various secondary sources so as to gather relevant information about the topic. Conclusion The study portrayed that there are various laws imposed by the UAE government behind supporting the labour migration in the country. Due to the huge number of labour migration in Dubai from different other countries, the economy of UAE has developed widely and thus became one of the most popular destinations where labour migrants gained extensive predominance. Yet in spite of that the country is in question whether it can provide suitable working conditions for the labour that arrive from other countries (Mahmud, 2015). Female workers have been abused and thus laws have been passed for catering them with benefits for facilitating them and satisfying their needs. Also the laws must be enhanced and developed more so as to mitigate the complaints and disputes made by the foreign labours and employers. Recommendations The researchers must be allotted with adequate time so that they can be able to research more and evaluate the outcomes effectively. It is important to be ethical and comply with all the laws for maintaining authenticity and viability of the study. Proper resources must be implied to the researchers for bridging up the loopholes of the research. References Buckley, M. (2005).Building the global Gulf city. Cohen, R. (2006).Migration and its enemies. Aldershot: Ashgate. Derudder, B. (2012).International handbook of globalization and world cities. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Kaye, M. (2001).Forced labour in the 21st century. London ; Brussels: Anti-Slavery International ; ICFTU. Labour market trends analysis and labour migration from South Asia to Gulf Cooperation Council countries, India and Malaysia. (2015). Kathmandu: ILO. Lian, K., Rahman, M. and Alas, Y. (2011).International migration in Southeast Asia. Mahdavi, P. (2013). Trafficking Parenting: Migration, Motherhood, Forced Labor and Deportability in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Middle East Law and Governance, 5(1-2), pp.173-194. Mahmud, H. (2015). Impact of the destination state on migrants remittances: a study of remitting among Bangladeshi migrants in the USA, the UAE and Japan.Migration and Development, 5(1), pp.79-98. Mizanur Rahman, M. (2012). Gendering Migrant Remittances: Evidence from Bangladesh and the United Arab Emirates.International Migration, 51, pp.e159-e178. Murawski, J. (2012).The nouveaux riches and the toilers of the Persian Gulf. Naufal, G. and Genc, I. (2012).Expats and the labor force. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Nicolopoulou, K. (2011).Global knowledge work. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Rahman, M. (2011). Bangladeshi Migrant Workers in the UAE: Gender-Differentiated Patterns of Migration Experiences.Middle Eastern Studies, 47(2), pp.395-411. Travel smart - work smart. (2015). New Delhi: ILO.

The Life Of Emily Dickens Essay Example For Students

The Life Of Emily Dickens Essay Emily Dickinson was raised in a traditional New England home in the mid 1800s. Her father along with the rest of the family had become Christians and she alone decided to rebel against that and reject the Church. She like many of her contemporaries had rejected the traditional views in life and adopted the new transcendental outlook. Massachusetts, the state where Emily was born and raised in, before the transcendental period was the epicenter of religious practice. Founded by the puritans, the feeling of the avenging had never left the people. After all of the Great Awakenings and religious revivals the people of New England began to question the old ways. What used to be the focal point of all lives was now under speculation and often doubted. People began to search for new meanings in life. People like Emerson and Thoreau believed that answers lie in the individual. Emerson set the tone for the era when he said, Whoso would be a man, must be a non-conformist. Emily Dickinson believed and practiced this philosophy. When she was young she was brought up by a stern and austere father. In her childhood she was shy and already different from the others. Like all the Dickinson children, male or female, Emily was sent for formal education in Amherst Academy. After attending Amherst Academy with conscientious thinkers such as Helen Hunt Jackson, and after reading many of Emersons essays, she began to develop into a free willed person. Many of her friends had converted to Christianity, her family was also putting enormous amount of pressure for her to convert. No longer the submissive youngster she would not bend her will on such issues as religion, literature and personal associations. She maintained a correspondence with Rev. Charles Wadsworth over a subeztial period of time. Even though she rejected the Church as a entity she never did reject or accept God. Wadsworth appealed to her because he had an incredibly powerful mind and deep emotions. When he left the East in 1861 Emily was scarred and expressed her deep sorrow in three successive poems in the following years. They were never romantically involved but their relationship was apparently so profound that Emilys feelings for him she sealed herself from the outside world. Her life became filled with gloom and despair until she met Judge Ot is P. Lord late in her life. Realizing that they were well into their lives they never were married. When Lord passed away Emilys health condition which has been hindered since childhood worsened. We will write a custom essay on The Life Of Emily Dickens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Emilys life the most important things to her were love, religion, individuality and nature. When discussing these themes she followed her lifestyle and broke away from traditional forms of writing and wrote with an intense energy and complexity never seen before and rarely seen today. She was a rarity not only because of her poetry but because she was one of the first female pioneers into the field of poetry. Emily often speaks of love in her poems, but she did it in such a way that would make people not want to fall in love. She writes of parting, separation and loss. This is supported by the experiences she felt with Wadsworth and Otis P. Lord. Not with a club the heart is broken,nor with a stone; A whip so small you could not see it,Ive knownThis seems to be an actual account of the emotions she experienced during her relationship with Otis Lord. Individuality played a pervasive role in her life as a result of her bout with separation. Emily did not conform to society. She did not believe it was societys place to dictate to her how she should lead her life. Her poems reflect this sense of rebellion and revolution against tradition. .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d , .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d .postImageUrl , .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d , .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d:hover , .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d:visited , .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d:active { border:0!important; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d:active , .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub394ae809779242291a44e38b361626d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reflective Response - "The Telltale Heart" Essay From all the jails the boys and girlsEcstatically leap,- Beloved, only afternoonThat prison doesnt keep. In this poem Emily shows her feelings towards formalized schooling. Being a product of reputable college one would think that she would be in favor of this. But as her beliefs in transcendentalism grew so did her belief in individuality. Emily also went against the Church which was an extreme rarity of the time. Similar to many other that shared her beliefs she too did not think that a set religion was the way for salvation. Some keep the Sabbath going to Church; I keep it staying at home, With a bobolike for a chorister, With an orchard for a dome. According to this poem Emily clearly states that nature is her source of guidance and she has little need for the Church as an institution. Like Thoreau, Emily believed that people need to underezd nature before they could begin to comprehend humanity because humanity was just a part of nature. Unlike many other she felt that nature was beautiful and must be understood. Has it feet like water-lilies?Has it feathers like a bird?Is it brought from famous countriesOf which I have never heard? (Will there really be a morning?)Further on in the poem she goes on to ask if the scholar or some wise man from the skies knows where to find morning. It can be inferred that morning, something so common place and taken for granted, cannot be grasped by even the greatest so called minds. Emily also saw the frightful part of nature, death was an extension of the natural order. Probably the most prominent theme in her writing is death. She took death in a relatively casual way when compared to the puritan beliefs that surrounded her life. Death to her is just the next logical step to life and compares it to a carriage ride, or many other common place happenings. Because I could not stop for Death-He kindly stopped for me-The Carriage held but just Ourselves-And Immortality. Life according to Emily is brief and the people living out their lives have little control. In this short lifeThat only lasts an hour,How much, how little,Is within out power!However non-religious she may appear and however insignificant she believes life to be she does however show some signs in accepting life after death. This world is not conclusion;A sequel ezds beyond,Invisible, as music,But positive as sound. To Emily the most important things in her life were religion, individuality, nature and death. She may not have believed in God but He did have a profound impact throughout her childhood. Emily and Emerson alike felt the most important thing was to maintain ones individuality as she did. She was fascinated by both nature and death and she attempted to explain both in her writings.

The eNotes Blog R.I.P. Encylopedia Brittanica1768-2012

R.I.P. Encylopedia Brittanica1768-2012 My grandparents had them. They lined the den in their modest Indiana home. In the garage, outdated sets were stacked neatly in boxes. Every year, salesmen came to the doors of homes and schools peddling their wares. But all that is over.   Encyclopedia Brittanica has announced that they will no longer offer their product in print. Its rather a sad passage for some of us older folk.   There arent many businesses that can claim they were viable for over two hundred years. In 1768,   Encyclopedia Brittanica published its first set of volumes in Edinburgh, Scotland and has been in continuous publication until this year. Its not difficult to understand what finally put the venerable company under. Two words: Wikipedia and Google.   Publicly, the company claims that their online competition was not a deciding factor in killing their printed volumes but that seems difficult to believe. Not only is it much easier to access needed information quickly, its difficult to compete with free. A complete set of Encyclopedia Brittanicas runs some $1,395. Space, too, is a consideration. A full set consists of thirty-two volumes and weights upwards of 129 pounds. A good flashdrive, by contrast, could conceivably contain every entry in Wikipedia (26,603,553 pages) and fit comfortably in your pocket, with room to spare. While some champions of the old school encyclopedias decry Wikipedia for having factual errors, a study comparing errors in a sampling of Wikipedia and Encyclopedia Brittanica articles found that there were three errors in Brittanica entries and four in Wikipedia selections. And of course, factual errors are much easier to correct online than in print. Encyclopedia Brittanica prides itself on having experts write their entries. For example, Arnold Palmer penned the article about the Masters tournament. If you truly care about this sort of thing, you can still have access to Encyclopedia Brittanica online. But it will cost you $70 for an annual subscription.

Changing Business Environment Globalisation

This study has highlighted the function and the approaches of Bharti Airtel. In this connection, this study has described the comparison between the approaches of Bharti Airtel with the other European telecom MNEs. This would be helpful to understand the European MNEs system. On the other hand, this study has provided and described the unique model, what is used by Bharti Airtel to emerge in the European MNEs. According to Botha, Kourie & Snyman (2014), it can be mentioned that Bahrti Airtel is a leading global telecommunications organisations. It operates in 20 countries of Asia and Africa. Bharti Airtel has collaboration with 16 global telecom organisations. As per the statement of Pettigrew (2013), it can be mentioned that recently Bharti Airtel has announced to launch the Europe India Gateway (EIG) cable system. This will be helpful to make a greater connection between two countries such as India and Europe. In addition, it can be added that Bharti Airtel has invested approximately $700 million. In this purpose, it can be mentioned that the EIG connection is very powerful and has a capacity of 3.84 terabits per second. Craig & Campbell (2012) mentioned that EIG stretches from Mumbai, India to London, United Kingdom. The EIG connection passes through the countries like UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Egypt, Monaco, Gibraltar and then Portugal. Therefore, it will be highly benefitted to the Indian and the British to communicate with these countries. Hamilton & Webster (2015) mentioned that the cable connection has spreaded approximately by 15000 km. On the other hand, Wetherly & Otter (2014) argued that other European telecom organisations has aimed to develop a synchronized regulatory framework for the purpose of electronic communications network as well as electronic services through the entire European Union. Therefore, it can be clearly mentioned that European telecom organisations have tried to focus to the development of their services. In this purpose, they tried to improve their quality of signal and networks (Airtel.in.2016) Although, Bharati Airtel has also aimed to improve their connectivity, this telecom organisation is willing to launch new and attractive service, so that the consumers get attracted with their services. As per the statement of Babatunde & Adebisi (2012), Bharti Airtel is the third largest mobile telecommunication within the world. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the business strategies of this telecom organisation. Base on the modern research, it can be noticed that people are looking for greater connectivity in turn of affordable prices. Moreover, the consumers are also willing to get attractive offers from the telecommunication. Therefore, it can be stated that if the telecom organisation offer the customers lucrative offers in turn of affordable prices, the revenue earning by the organisation would be increased. In this connection, Savrul, Incekara & Sener (2014) opined that Bharti Airtel has aimed to increase the market share profitability. This would accelerate the non mobile businesses. The vision of this telecom organisation is to enhance the lives of the consumers. This would effectively win the consumers preferences through exceptional experience. This study is helpful to discuss how Bharti Airtel can achieve their business objectives and make the business successful. Achieve through go-to-market excellence  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase the data penetration with intuitive pricing and innovation. Achieve through brilliant network experience  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the words of Botha, Kourie & Snyman (2014), it can be mentioned that the consumer frustration can be eliminated by increasing the quality of the service.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, consumer satisfaction level can be improved by increasing the granular planning communication.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bharti Airtel aimed to reduce the per unit cost MB by leveraging multiple technologies. Achieve with the valuable consumers  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Develop the technology by encouraging the consumption and up gradation  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Accelerate the business to business communication by improving the experience  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reduce the entire cost structure of the call rates and other data packs. The organisation has been suffering from low call drops.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bharti Airtel has focused to the network redesigning  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the point of Pettigrew (2013), it can be stated that the organisational culture of this telecom organisation is greater.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The management of the organisation always supervise the performance of the employees. This would be benefitted to increase the productivity of the organisation. Therefore, the customers will be satisfied. In this section, this study has tried to highlight the impact of the rise of emerging economy of Bharti Airtel for globalisation. According to Craig & Campbell (2012), it can be mentioned that Bharti Airtel acquired Zain Africa BV for $10.7 billion. Zain Africa is one of the top leading telecommunication organisations in Africa. In the year of 2010, the acquisition of Bharti Airtel was rules by the 70% stake in the Bangladesh’s Warid Telecom International. Secondly, Bharti Airtel has a significant global presence on the board of directors from 1997. In this connection, it can be added that British telecom has approximately 44% stake in the account of Bharti Airtel. This had effectively increased the collaboration between these two mentioned telecom organisations. Hamilton & Webster (2015) opined that globalisation had a positive impact on the business. Lastly, it can be added that SingTel holds a greater amount of stake in the account of Bharti Airtel. SingTel has invested app roximately US$ 292 million in Bharti Airtel. Therefore, it can be inferred that the financial performance would be increased. This also proved that globalisation could positively increase the organisation’s financial statement. This study is important to understand the business strategy of Bharti Airtel. This study has provided the comparison between the Bharti Airtel’s approach and the other European MNEs. On the other hand, this study has discussed the model, what Bharti Airtel has used in their business process. Moreover, the impact of this business approach for globalisation has also mentioned in this context. About Bharti Airtel - Strategy, Financial Snapshot, Structure, Awards. (2016).  Airtel.in. Retrieved 20 December 2016, from https://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/equity/ Babatunde, B. O., & Adebisi, A. O. (2012). Strategic environmental scanning and organization performance in a competitive business environment.  Economic Insights-Trends & Challenges,  64(1), 24-34. Botha, A., Kourie, D., & Snyman, R. (2014).  Coping with continuous change in the business environment: knowledge management and knowledge management technology. Elsevier. Craig, T., & Campbell, D. (2012).  Organisations and the business environment. Hamilton, L., & Webster, P. (2015).  The international business environment. Oxford University Press, USA. Pettigrew, A. (2013).  The Awakening Giant (Routledge Revivals): Continuity and Change in Imperial Chemical Industries. Routledge. Popescu, G. H. (2013). Macroeconomics, Effective Leadership, and the Global Business Environment.  Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, (2), 170-176. Savrul, M., Incekara, A., & Sener, S. (2014). The Potential of E-commerce for SMEs in a Globalizing Business Environment.  Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,  150, 35-45. Wetherly, P., & Otter, D. (2014).  The business environment: themes and issues in a globalizing world. Oxford University Press. .com strives towards providing exceptional essay help at an affordable price. Students, from various parts of Australia, prefer our servicers because we provide high-quality essay assistance at a pocket-friendly price. We receive numerous requests 'help me do my essay ' or 'can someone write my essay' from students every day. We efficiently fulfill those requests and provide students needed essay writing help art an affordable price.    Explain why firms’ marginal cost curves become upward sloping after a certain level of output has been reached. test While for the margina... Question: Discuss about the professional developers comprehend software?    Answer: I have been working in the USA Technologies for nine months now, and it ... Question: Describe about the Rethinking Oil Nationalism?    Answer: 1. The engineering discipline that I have chosen is Mechanical Engineering and I have se... Question: Explain about the Advertising for An integrated marketing communication perspective?    Answer: Introduction: Social media has become the part of... You are required to write a researched argument essay that convinces persuades the reader of your position / stance. 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Ballon photograph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ballon photograph - Essay Example The best aspect related with Edward’s photographs is that emphasis is on the elements which he is trying to show or exhibit through the lens of the camera. The dominance is generally laid in the fact that the outline within such balloons is made very prominent and this is one of the reasons why focal point and proportions are marked so very distinctively. When the angles are ascertained, the scales are seen to be very proper and there is not any perspective which has not been touched upon in entirety. This is such an important aspect which is represented through the works of Edward Honsford as rhythm is a very essential part of the photographs that he has captured till now. Since he plans quite a lot during shoots, the success factor is made possible through the very same regimes. Thus Edward’s photographs have followed nearly all the principles of art which remain significant within his final outputs. Works Cited Author Unknown, 2010. Edward Horsford Creates Amazing Bu rsting Balloons Photographs (Interview and Tutorial). Found Online at: http://www.diyphotography.net/edward-horsford-creates-amazing-bursting-balloons-photographs-interview-and-tutorial

Film Editing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Film Editing - Essay Example Editors are important professionals in the movies and film making industry. The camera operators are obligated to operate the cameras manually but work with the directors, of photography, in the film making process. The editor is supposed to take shots from various scenes in the scenes from different angles as well as different perspectives and arrange them to tell the story.The operators’ obligation of manually create a sequence of shots which involves a number of factors. The editor is supposed to integrate what the eye is supposed to capture within a given screening, choreography of the shots and integrating the knowledge of framing shots behind the scenes to enable the editing department come up with a clean and concise storyboard that focuses on the richness of the story or script. The editor covers a transitional gap that is between the actors and the directors (Weston, 1999, p. 17). The necessity of the professional lies in the ability to choose the right composition of the shootings such as the angles, lighting, and viewpoint, access to detail and appearance to the audience to integrate with a particular set.The editors integrate various principles of telling a dramatic story while including the fundamentals of film editing. The purpose of the editing in making the film is ensuring that every detail intended in the filmmaking is caught on camera and communicated to the audience as it was intended by the director. The editors represent a window through which the audience benefits from the film industry.

Issuing the Draft Essay Example for Free

Issuing the Draft Essay In response to the first argument in favor of volunteer enlistment, I would counter that the overall effect would continue to support the status quo in that privileged and wealthy Americans would not have an urgent need to enlist. Due to this economic division between classes, the lower class sector would continue to be the majority of soldiers because of a lack of better options in civilian society. In this general sense the moral of the ‘volunteer’ would not increase but would remain either indifferent or resentful. Making the draft mandatory could be seen as an equalizing force that supports the doctrine that ‘all men are created equal,’ whether or not that be the case. Response to second argument: Responding to the second argument against the draft due to the lack of funding by the part of the government, I would contend that the volunteering aspect would cut the overall size of the military because of the negative perspective that the government is mis-appropriating their funds. If this were the case, volunteers would feel no urgent necessity to enlist because they would feel their efforts would not be recognized or supported sufficiently enough to warrant such a life changing decision. Although I agree that volunteers who join causes they believe in will ultimately perform with more vigor, in this case the moral boost would be ever-vanishing.

The Insane Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Probes Essay example -- American Li

The Insane Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Probes As a short-story writer, Poe was a fascinating man of imagination. In theme, Poe places the human mind under investigation and probes insanity beneath the surface of normal existence. He was the first author in American literature to make the neurotic, the heroic figure, the protagonist, in his stories. Poe's most enduring tales are those of horror, the horror coming, from the working of an irrational or criminal mind, driven to evil or insanity by a perverse irrational force which, to Poe, is an elementary impulse in man. Typically, The Cask of Amontillado, The Black Cat, and The Tell Tale Heart are three criminal stories of this kind. In these tales, Poe takes readers in the murky territories of the strange world of insanity. And now, let's see what the features and familiarities of these half-mad, evil, and dark criminal minds. To start with, like many Poe's stories, the main characters in these three stories are all driven by their emotions, and mostly, hatred against their antagonists. For example, in The Cask of Amontillado...

How effective is this scene as an opening to Shakespeare’s play? Essay

Othello begins on a street in Venice; Act 1 scene 1 of Othello is a good opening to the rest of the play as it starts in the middle of an argument. This argument is between Iago, an evil, manipulative and jealous man, and Roderigo a rich man who is susceptible to everything Iago tells him. I think this is a good opening because it begins by telling the main point of the story straight away – from the first few opening statements it is clear that Iago knows something that he is going to use against a man whom he hates, Othello, it is a simple conversation between two men, but they are plotting something, this could instantly grab the audiences attention as they would be intrigued to find out what it is about. Just from the opening scene the audience finds out that Roderigo has been paying Iago to help him win the love of Desdemona; the one he loves, but he has seen no progress, and he has just found out that Desdemona has married Othello, the general whom Iago serves and hates. One of the main reasons that Iago hates Othello is because Othello promoted Cassio over Iago; the job Iago wanted and believed he deserved was taken. In spite of Iago’s service in battle and the recommendation of three â€Å"great ones† of the city, Othello chose to give the position to a man with no experience leading men in battle. As he waits for an opportunity to get his own back, and plots to get the job he wanted, Iago only pretends to serve Othello. He believes he will get the job: â€Å"I know my price: I am worth no worse a place† â€Å"In following him I follow but myself; Heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty, But seeming so for my peculiar end.† This quote is spoken about the Moor Othello; Iago plans to get his own back in some way for the loss of the job offer, but he will not let out too much of his schemes in the first scene, all of the plotting fits together later on in the play, this is also a good way to get the audiences attention throughout the play as it all builds up gradually, the suspense and the different ideas, they are all put into place for an effect that has eventually gathered from beginning to end to reveal the many mysteries made in the play. This also causes a lot of confusion later on, and involves the audience through soliloquies, the audience may appreciate being included in the play as though the characters are speaking to them as it makes them part of the story. The opening scene also shows the deviousness of Iago, just by giving advice he automatically tells Roderigo to lie and manipulate Desdemona’s father, Brabantio. â€Å"Call up her father, Rouse him, make after him, poison his delight† All of Iago’s advice of telling Brabantio involves influencing his side of the story to make it unfair – he is telling Roderigo to explain to Brabantio that Othello is bad news, and to advertise the fact that Othello is black, where as Roderigo is white – making him a better choice for his poor daughter. In order to do this, the two men come to the street outside the house of Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, and cry out that he has been robbed by â€Å"thieves.† Brabantio, a Venetian senator, comes to the window. At first, he doesn’t believe what he hears, because he has told Roderigo to stay away from his daughter before and thinks Roderigo is merely scheming once again in order to see Desdemona, which ironically he is. Iago makes it seem worse than it is, by vulgarly telling the senator that his daughter and Othello are having sex by putting it as though they are â€Å"making the beast with two backs†, this makes it seem very vulgar. Brabantio begins to take what he hears seriously and decides to search for his daughter. Iago’s plan was successful and so he went to Othello. This scene has already made the play exciting by stirring things up in Othello’s relationship – we haven’t even met the character yet although we know that he is very high ranking in his work and that he has dis-owned the trust of a senator. Seeing as this is all the doing of Iago and his poisonous words we get the picture that Othello is a respectable man but for some reason he can easily loose trust in people. By not meeting the main character in the first scene it makes the audience keen and interested to find out more about this character, another good way to start off the story. Like Brabantio, Othello has no idea of Iago’s role in Roderigo’s accusations. Iago is with Roderigo whilst he tells him of the doings of his daughter, but as soon as they have informed Brabantio Iago departs on the note that he wasn’t to be involved any more, Brabantio comes out of his house, furious that his daughter has left him. Declaring that his daughter has been stolen from him by magic â€Å"charms,† Brabantio and his men follow Roderigo to Othello. The first scene of act 1 shows a small amount of what is to come in the rest of the play, such as, Iago always creates the tension in the atmosphere by messing around with peoples feelings and emotions – managing to get them to do reckless things (also happens a lot later on) yet he always manages to leave the scene before he gets involved in the situation. I think that this is also another good way of beginning the play as it shows signs of what is soon to come next. Overall I think that this is a very effective way to open a Shakespeare play as it is very dramatic instantly and gives enough of the story to know vaguely what the story will be about but it also leaves a lot out to make it very interesting – I think it would make the audience want to carry on watching to see what will happen is it is not entirely predictable of what may happen just from the opening scene – although it is very informative. It is almost like a cliffhanger as it keeps the audience in suspense about the main character, as they do not get to meet him to begin with, this is a dramatic way to begin the play.

Title Critically discuss the ways UNICEF engage media techniques in their communications’ strategy.

Introduction Communication strategies are designed to help governmental and non-governmental organisations communicate effectively to meet core objectives. In the new digital age, communicating through the media has become an effective way of targeting audiences and persuading them to act by either providing support or giving money (Goodman and Hirsch, 2010: 2). The non-governmental organisation (NGO) UNICEF provides an example of how the effective use of persuasive media techniques in a communications strategy can help to generate capital and support. UNICEF uses a number of different techniques, which all help to raise awareness of the objectives that are trying to be achieved (Dijkzeul and Moke, 2005: 673). With particular focus on children, UNICEF is able to communicate with audiences to obtain humanitarian assistance. A higher degree of financial independence is acquired and subsequently used for humanitarian and development activities (Dijkzeul and Moke, 2005: 673). It is unlikely that such assistance would be obtained without the use of various media techniques. This essay will critically discuss the ways UNICEF engage media techniques in their communications’ strategy. Media Techniques and Political Communications The main objective of most media messages is to persuade or encourage the audience to believe or do something (MLP, 2014: 1). In doing so, a number of different techniques are used to grab the audience’s attention and to establish trust and credibility (Erwin, 2014: 104). One technique that is used by the media is the use of direct quotations from identified sources. This makes the reader believe the story being told and is often used as a powerful motivator to encourage the reader to act, for example, by giving money or purchasing something (MLP, 2014: 1). Where direct quotations are used, it is more likely that the message being conveyed will be successful received as the audience will believe what is being said. Such techniques are referred to as the â€Å"language of persuasion† and are essential media literacy skills (Changing Minds, 2013: 1). This was recognised by Lippmann who believed that persuasion had become a â€Å"self-conscious art and a regular organ of popular government (Denton and Kuypers, 2007: 1). Persuasion is thus a way of creating consent from individuals about a particular premise and is capable of modifying political communications in a very influential way. Unless communications are persuasive, it is doubtful that they will be effective since persuasion is the main communication tool that is required by the media. Governments use persuasion as a means of obtaining consent from the messages being conveyed, also known as political communication. Political communication is considered to have the following four elements; 1) short-term orientation; 2) based upon specific objectives; 3) primarily mediated; and 4) audience centred. Political communication is not exclusive to the political world as non-political actors also use this type of communication as a way of communicating messages to the public. This is generally done by organisations that have a political objective such as; non-governmental organisations (NGO’s). An NGO is an organisation that is separate and distinct from governments and profitable businesses. Although NGO’s can be funded by governments and businesses, they are usually set up by ordinary citizens to further an agenda (Welch, 2000: 1). Whilst the agenda’s of many NGO’s will differ, the methods of communication that are used will be similar in that they will all seek to effectively communicate their objectives to the targeted audience. The primary objective of most NGO’s is to ensure that human rights are being fully protected. Although NGO’s from different jurisdictions will not always have the same goals, they will still be structured in a similar manner. This is because NGO’s generally seek to promote human rights worldwide, which requires them to co-operate with governments and the United Nations (Wong, 2012: 37). NGO’s are also important in helping to bring public interest matters before the courts (Wadham, 2001: 1). The ma ss media is a useful tool that allows political communications of NGO’s to be effectuated, yet social, cultural and psychological problems are usually associated with media content and use (Perse, 2001: 1). It was stressed by Young that modern society engulfs its members through the media, education and participation within the marketplace (Young, 1999: 82). The media is capable of articulating beliefs by adopting various ideological approaches. It has been said by Croteau and Hoynes that the media do not promote a singular perception of ideology and instead communicate a number of different ideological perceptions (Croteau and Hoynes, 2012: 154). They noted that social ideologies are more domineering of society than mainstream ideologies because of the fact that people pay as much attention to street scenes, housing and clothing as they do to the commentary when watching international news (Thompson, 1995: 176). Arguably, it is clear from these assertions that the media is e xtremely powerful in influencing the minds of individuals, which is why it is a form of communication that is commonly used by NGO’s to further their agenda’s. The media is capable of shaping an audiences subjectivity through the representation of ideological belief’s. NGO’s thereby benefit from using media techniques to persuade their targeted audience to act in a certain manner. The media is extremely powerful in persuading the attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of society through the use of propaganda. Propaganda is a form of communication that influences an audience to act based on a particular agenda. Propaganda is used as a means of generating emotional responses to messages that are produced to influence societal attitudes towards a particular cause or position. NGO’s often use propaganda to fulfil their objectives and are thus considered effective cultural propaganda disseminators (Cull et al; 2003: 193). NGO’s have been considered politics of the poor on the basis that they represent political ideologies (Karim, 2001: 92). Political ideology is a set of ideas which represent the objectives, expectations and actions of a political party. A broad range of belief systems exist within different political parties and have generally been acquired from doctrines, ideals, myths, principles and social movements. Ideology is a system that is made u p of values and beliefs â€Å"regarding the various institutions and processes of society that is accepted as fact or truth by a group of people† (Sargent, 2008: 2). Political ideology therefore comprises the views of political parties on how the world should be. This allows political parties to allocate social values (Easton, 1971: 129) and determine what is considered an ‘ideal’ world. There are different views and opinions of ideological theory, though ideology is largely driven by competing groups in society who strive for hegemony (Hall, 1997: 13). Hegemony happens when the most dominant in society promotes, through the media and culture, a set of ideals that members of that society must conform to (Allan, 2004: 6). This is beneficial for NGO’s who use the media to establish an ideological perception of the rights in which they are trying to protect. In deciding whether certain behaviours conform to society, the set of ideals that have been created wi thin that society will need to be considered by the media when deciding what messages need to be conveyed. Many believe that this is unfair and problematic as ideology only serves the interests of one segment of society over all other segments (Curra, 2000: 6). This prejudices many parts of society as certain groups may not benefit from the established ideals that are created. As pointed out by Brown et al; ideology may only be beneficial to certain ethnic groups, genders or religions (Brown et al; 2010: 9). This does not provide an accurate reflection of the whole of society and whilst ideals are necessary in helping people to identify what is right and wrong, it seems unacceptable to segregate certain parts of society. This may, however, be necessary when protecting the rights of certain individuals. Political ideologies are subject to further critique on the basis that they do not consider the needs of modern society (Stankiewicz, 2012: 408), yet as pointed out by Selinger; †Å"There is no politics without ideology† (Selinger, 1975: 99). In effect, this appears to demonstrate that all political communications will have some element of ideology as moral judgements will be contained within them. Effectively, the objectives of NGO’s will be based upon ideological beliefs and will mostly have a political objective. An example of this can be seen in relation to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), which is an NGO that provides humanitarian and development assistance to mothers and children in underdeveloped countries. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) created UNICEF on the 11th December 1946 to provide food and healthcare to children that had been affected by World War II. Although UNICEF is not operated by the government, it like many other NGO’s largely relies upon governmental support and political communications. NGO’s have, for some time, relied upon the mass media to expose violations of human-rights and encourage governments to put pressure on those found to be abusing them (Thrall et al; 2014: 3). This is intended to discourage human rights abuses from taking place and to help the perpetrators be put to justice. The effectiveness of this is arguable, though it seems as though greater support is being acquired by the likes of UNICEF as a result of this. Since the advancement of modern technology UNICEF is now able to establish new communication strategies for channeling information politics via the internet (Chadwick and Phillip, 2008: 3). It is arguable whether the strategies that are being undertaken by UNICEF are effective in persuading audiences to support their cause, though it seems likely given UNICEF’s use of the med ia. The media is largely proficient in influencing society of certain ideological perceptions through television programmes, newspapers, magazines, films and radio programmes (Long and Wall, 2009; 285). These forms of communication are used in a way that manipulates societal values and beliefs and will continue to influence the ways in which we think about things whether consciously or subconsciously (Kenix, 2010: 1). Not only does the media send out ideological messages to the public but media systems have also been intertwined into society’s ideological framework. This highlights the power of the media in shaping individuals values and beliefs within society. UNICEF’s campaigns are mainly in the form of mass media, radio programmes, posters, street plays and localised outreach (UNICEF, 2014: 1). Because of this, a wider range of support will be acquired. UNICEF is reaching out to a broader audience, which will generate a huge amount of support and funding that would not otherwise be available. Arguably, it is imperative that the media techniques being used in UNICEF’s communications strategy are effective in helping to shape ideological views on the rights of children. UNICEF is an advocate of children’s rights and so it is necessary for UNICEF to communicate how these rights are being violated and what protections need to be in place. This will help UNICEF to gain support and the message UNICEF is trying to put across will be better received by the public. Communications Strategy The communications strategy of UNICEF is vital in strengthening human development and avoiding missed opportunities. An ineffective communications strategy will generally yield poor results and stifle the development of UNICEF (UNDP, 2014: 1). UNICEF’s targeted audience will not receive the message that is being portrayed. This will prevent UNICEF from developing, which will impact its success.. Effective communications are important skills NGO’s need to survive and be successful (KDID, 2013: 28). To make an impact, UNICEF will thus be required to use effective means of communication to ensure that their views and opinions are heard. In doing so, they will most likely face a number of difficult challenges because of the fact that it has become increasingly difficult to deliver to society complex humanitarian crises. It is also difficult to explain to society who is involved in certain humanitarian crisis’ because of how widespread they generally are (ICRC, 2005: 673). A huge amount of NGO’s currently strive for media attention, thereby highlighting the need to have effective communication strategies in place (Thrall et al; 2014: 19). UNICEF must adopt a coherent and credible approach when conveying public communication so that its message can be heard. It has been said that in order to understand political communication, one must understand how consent is created (Denton and Kuypers, 2007: 1). UNICEF will thus be required to communicate messages in a way that allows consent to be obtained, which will need to be included within the communications strategy of UNICEF. A good communications strategy will help to certify good organisational branding and positioning, which will help to attract staff, donors and volunteers (KDID, 2013: 28). Successful branding through media communications will put an NGO in a desirable position within the community, which will help to garner support and belief from the public. This will require NGO’s to be completely transparent so that the messages in which they are trying to put across can be clearly communicated (Thrall et al; 2014: 19). Unless UNICEF adopts a transparent and clear approach, it will be difficult to gain support and belief from the public (Lilleker, 2006: 4). Public support is, however, crucial to the implementation of change (Rabinowitz, 2013: 3). Without public support, it is doubtful that UNICEF would be as successful as they are. It is debatable what the best techniques for gaining public support are, though an effective communications strategy that takes into account UNICEF’s agenda and identifies points that will require persuasive communication will most likely prove successful. It is important that the communications strategy identifies the appro aches and tools that are needed to make a particular event more effective. In developing a communications strategy, it first needs to be established what UNICEF is trying to achieve. Subsequently, it will then need to be considered what communications objectives will most likely support the objectives of the project (McManus, 1994: 58). The communications objectives of UNICEF will be those that are capable of being reached through various means of communications. Such objectives will also need a target audience. This will require UNICEF to consider who they are trying to reach. In reaching out to the target audience, UNICEF will need to develop appropriate messages which highlight the relevant issues; the actions that needs to be taken by the target audience; and the benefits of such action (KDID, 2013: 28). Once this has been done, UNICEF will then have to consider how these messages will be delivered. Different methods of communication will be considered depending upon the type of event that is being promoted such as; media conferences, social media, interviews, marketing, advertisements and news stories. Given that UNICEF targets underdeveloped countries, it is likely that difficulties will be faced when considering the political objectives of various countries. Political communications are likely to vary from one country to another, which will create a number of problems. An effective communications strategy will seek to address these difficulties, though it will remain arguable whether they will prove sufficient in achieving certain objectives (Thrall et al; 2014: 19). In Africa, for example, the media seems to control those in power by reporting to citizens. Whilst this demands a degree of institutional independence from the political system, it has been said that there is actually a â€Å"clear interdependence between the media and political systems† (Windeck, 2014: 17). Information from political systems is usually exchanged for coverage in the media system and vice versa. The media consequently rely heavily on the supply of information from politics, whilst political bod ies rely on the media to spread their messages and objectives (Windeck, 2014: 17). Political communication is an important tool in the political process, and will continue to influence politics. In effect, the political communications of certain countries will be driven by cultural and political factors, which may be difficult to overcome. Female genital mutilation is one area that UNICEF continues to campaign against, but is faced with many political objections from countries where FGM is prevalent; Asia, the Middle East and some parts of Africa (Gaber, 2007: 219). UNICEF are resultantly required to implement a strategy that is capable of strengthening the political commitment of governments. UNICEF’s Communications Strategy There are three components of communication that are used by UNICEF to garner support and funding. These are; advocacy, social mobilisation and behaviour change communication (UNICEF, 2008: 7). Advocacy is used to inform and motivate leadership so that a supportive environment can be created. This will allow the objectives and development goals of the program to be achieved. Social mobilisation seeks to engage support and participation from various institutions, social and religious groups, and community networks. It is intended that the development objectives of UNICEF will be maintained through the use of social mobilisation and that greater demand will be generated. Behaviour change communication involves face to face discussions with a number of individuals and groups to motivate, inform, plan and problem-solve. It is anticipated that by using this technique, the objectives of UNICEF can be met (UNICEF, 2008: 7). Various conceptual models are used by UNICEF to implement communica tion including ACADA, P-Process and COMBI. The ACADA (Assessment, Communication Analysis, Design, Action) model is frequently used by UNICEF to use systematically-gathered data to link communications strategies to development problems. The P-Process model, developed by The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs (CCP), is used for the strategic planning of evidence based communication programmes and contains the following five steps; 1) analysis, 2) strategic design, 3) development and testing, 4) implementation and monitoring, and 5) evaluation and re-planning (UNICEF, 2008: 7). The COMBI model uses a ten step process for communication planning, which are; 1) overall goal, 2) behavioural results/objectives, 3) situational market analysis, 4) results strategy, 5) plan of action, 6) management structure, 7) monitoring, 8) impact assessment, 9) scheduling, and 10) budget (UNICEF, 2008: 7). All three of these models seek to establish an effective communications strategy by analysing the different approaches that can be taken and considering the necessary steps needed. Analysis is integral to an effective communications strategy as it will enable any underlying issues to be identified and thereby dealt with accordingly. UNICEF undertakes a comprehensive analysis comprising of; the situation, the programme, the participants, the behaviours, and the communication channels (UNICEF, 2008: 7). The situation section describes the issues that are being addressed by UNICEF such as; child poverty, disease, malnutrition and trafficking. This is based upon data that has be en collected from local knowledge, programme documents and research. The data highlights the underlying social and cultural issues by demonstrating what changes need to be made to social structures and practices. The programme section is designed to establish where the objectives of UNICEF can be achieved by communication. The participant section establishes what people are required to achieve UNICEF’s objectives. The behaviour section focuses on setting behavioural objectives and analysing the behaviours or practices that have been selected for change. Finally, the communication channels section considers the available communication channels that are applicable in achieving the objectives. Once the analysis has been completed, UNICEF will have identified the participants, behaviours and channels of communications that are needed to encourage audience participation and accomplish its goals (UNICEF, 2008: 7). In order to ensure that the objectives of UNICEF are being met by changing the attitude and behaviour of individuals, knowledge alone will not be sufficient. Instead, a supportive environment will also need to be established (UNICEF, 2008: 37). Therefore, whilst the communications strategy of UNICEF will need to instil knowledge into the community so that support can be acquired, a supportive environment will also need to be created. This will involve creating policies that improve access to services and by using leaders that help to promote social and behaviour change amongst various members of society. Resources will also need to be allocated for the programme activities that are to be carried out and positive change will be effectuated by using a combination of communication techniques. UNICEF believes that communication goes way beyond providing information to the targeted audience and instead argue that communication is vital for development (Dijkzeul and Moke, 2005: 673). UNICE F has therefore set up a development programme, also known as C4D, which aims to engage communities through understanding people’s beliefs, values and social and cultural norms (Lenni and Tacchi, 2013: 16). This is achieved from listening to adults and children, identifying issues and working out solutions. This is considered a two way process that allows individuals to share knowledge and ideas through the use of various communication techniques that empower communities to take action in improving the lives of children (Lenni and Tacchi, 2013: 16). Advocacy is one technique UNICEF engages in its communications strategy, which is the â€Å"act of supporting a cause to produce a desired change† (Save the Children, 2014: 1). Advocacy is capable of influencing governments to effect change by communicating with the media, elected officials and influential leaders. Advocacy is able to encourage leaders to implement various changes such as; legal reform, policy decisions, addressing social and political barriers, and altering funding priorities. Advocacy efforts being used by UNICEF occur at global, national and sub-level and seek to influence the decisions of policy makers as well as political and social leaders. This is done through the creation of an enabling policy and legislative environment and by allocating resources appropriately to create and sustain social transformation (UNICEF, 2011: 1). For example, in 2010 when polio resurfaced in the Democratic Republic of Congo, there existed a lack of awareness of the disease and how it could be prevented. Influential leaders, such as Marco Kiabuta, did not believe that the vaccination of polio was necessary. After a number of debates with community mobilisers and leaders Kiabuta came to realise just how vital a vaccination was. This example demonstrates how effective communication techniques ca n make a huge difference in implementing change and possibly saving lives (UNICEF, 2011: 1). Advocacy is used by UNICEF to target political, business and social leaders at national and local levels. It is not used simply to create mass awareness but is also used as a means of generating change and leading to a specific action that is to be taken (UNICEF, 2010: 20). UNICEF uses advocacy to inform and motivate appropriate leaders to create a supportive environment by changing polices, speaking out on critical issues, allocating resources and initiating public discussion. Communication is a powerful tool, which is why it is important for various media techniques to be adopted by NGO’s such as UNICEF. Social mobilisation is another method of communication that is used by UNICEF to enlist participants, community networks, and religious groups to strengthen participation in various activities. This helps to engage and motivate partners and allies to raise awareness of UNICEFâ€℠¢s development objectives through face-to-face dialogue. Partners and allies subsequently work together to target audiences and convey certain messages. Social mobilisation is used as a way to facilitate change through a range of players that are engaged in interrelated and complementary efforts (UNICEF, 2012: 1). An example of this can be seen in relation to the training community health workers in Madagascar received from UNICEF. The health workers were trained to provide outreach to families on various issues including, hand washing, vaccinating children, and not defecating in the open (UNICEF, 2012: 1). This is clearly an effective communication technique that is used by UNICEF as it allows certain individuals to be trained up so that they can pass their knowledge onto others. This has a domino like effect and will enable the views of UNICEF to be conveyed to a wider audience than that which would have been possible through advertisements alone. Social mobilisation is therefore an effective way of spreading messages to targeted audiences and helping to achieve the objectives of UNICEF, which is to provide assistance to mothers and children in underdeveloped countries. Behaviour change communication is another method that is used to address knowledge, attitudes and practices that are linked to programme goals. This is done by providing participants with â€Å"relevant information and motivation through well-defined strategies, using an audience-appropriate mix of interpersonal, group and mass media channels and participatory methods† (UNICEF/INDA, 2012, 1). Behaviour change communication strategies focus on the individual to effect change. In order for behavioural changes to happen on a larger scale, social change communication needs to be employed. This technique helps to define and address social influences in life and is currently being employed by UNICEF through the Social Ecological Model framework† (UNICEF/INDA, 2012, 1). The media techni ques that are currently being used by UNICEF do appear effective in helping to persuade audiences to provide support. The more UNICEF does to spread its message, the more successful UNICEF will be in achieving its aims. The Meena Communication Initiative in South Asia gives an example of how mass media and interpersonal communication is used to enhance the self-esteem and self-worth of children by enabling them to become familiar with life skills that are essential empowerment tools. The programme is primarily school based and is centred around a nine-year old girl called Meena who seeks to fight against the stigma that surrounds HIV/AIDS (UNICEF/INDA, 2012, 1). A radio station called ‘Meena Radio’ was launched in 2010 to communicate with children, their parents, educators and community leaders. This provides an effective means of communication and provides a platform for UNICEF’s political beliefs to be heard. It is intended that the radio station’s audience will be persuaded to act so that the voices of children and communities can be heard through the power of communication. This helps to promote child survival, development, protection and participation (UNICEF, 2014: 1 ). It is clear that UNICEF uses a number of different media techniques in its communications strategy to achieve its objectives. Without the use of such techniques, the voices of children and communities would not be heard and UNICEF’s message would not be delivered to its intended audience. It has been said that UNICEF â€Å"raises considerable funds and carries out strong communication on its own through its national committees, press centre and media team† (Dijkzeul and Moke, 2005: 683). This signifies the importance of having an effective communications strategy is in place as it can generate a significant amount of funding that would not otherwise be available. UNICEF also uses high profile figures to be its ambassadors who have been considered a highly effective in persuading society (Stromback, 2011: 42). Conclusion Overall, an effective communication strategy in an important tool for helping governmental and non-governmental organisations communicate effectively to meet core objectives. Given that UNICEF relies on voluntary donations from members of the public, government departments, charitable trusts and event organisers, it is important that they are capable of successfully communicating their objectives. In doing so, they will be required to persuade or encourage their audiences to provide support or funding so that UNICEF’s end goals can be achieved. Given that UNICEF uses a number of different media techniques in its communications strategy, the approach that is currently being undertaken does appear workable. The media is a powerful tool in the art of persuasion, which is what UNICEF needs in order to survive. The use of media techniques will help to raise awareness of UNICEF’s objectives and obtain humanitarian assistance. It is unlikely that such assistance would be obtai ned without the use of various media techniques, which is why UNICEF’s communications strategy does appear largely effective. References Allan, S. (2004), News Culture. Bukingham: Open University Press. Changing Minds. (2013). Persuasive Language, [Online], Available: http://changingminds.org/techniques/language/persuasive/persuasive.htm [07 July 2014]. Chadwick, A. and Phillip, H. (2008). 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